Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Supply chain management in the uk construction Industry Essay

allow string oversight in the uk construction Industry - Essay ExampleAccording to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP), supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion and all logistics management activities (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, n.d.). In addition to these, SCM also includes collaboration and coordination with channel partners which includes suppliers, guests as well as intermediaries. The council also says that the supply chain management also plays a crucial role in integrate demand and supply management across and within the companies. According to James B. Ayers, supply chain management is all about designing, maintenance and operation of supply chain form, including those that make up extended point of intersection features, for satisfaction of end-user needs (Ayers, 2000).Over the past few decades various techniques regarding supply ch ain management (SCM) cast off been used successfully in different industries like manufacturing and food. In these industries, the supply process encompasses all those activities that be associated with the processing from raw materials to the finishing of the final product. The entire process involves procurement, production scheduling, inventory management, order processing, storage, customer service, transport and all the supporting information systems. Roy Morledge, Mohieddin Grada and Andrew Knight opined that in manufacturing industry, supply chain management strategies are adopted assuming that it is an ongoing process where supplier and customer experience involves frequent transactions for the homogeneous or similar products (Pryke, 2009). SCM strategies are considered as the key in maintaining quality and making the innovation process easier. Each of the aspects through which SCM is integrated with the manufacturing and food industry can be discussed in the

Monday, April 29, 2019

Rhetorical Appeals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

rhetorical Appeals - Case Study ExampleThe letter written by Martin Luther King, from a Birmingham Jail, uses all these types of appeals, listed above, in enunciate to convince the reader regarding the validity and credibility of his ideas and actions. The same are discussed and highlighted belowEthos Ethos is primarily used to testify and highlight the good character and credibility of the writer. In this letter, Martin Luther King, has very aptly and effectively highlighted his body of work, thereof indicating his authority on the subject and successfully aloneifying his stance on the issue on hand.I ache the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational and financial resources with our affiliates ruth This form of speech is used as an artistic proof of the facts mentioned by the writer, and banks on the readers emotions and feelings as a method of persuasion. The following is the example of poignancy, as applied by Martin Luther King in his letter just now as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.The skillful use of the three key elements, viz-a-viz, ethos, pathos and logos, by the writer, helped in highlighting the ideas and offer valid justification for the course of action chosen, and

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Consumer Price Index, Retail Price index and GDP deflator Essay

Consumer scathe Index, Retail Price index and GDP deflator - Essay ExampleRetail Price Index (RPI) refers to an economic principle employ by economists to understand the set of goods and services that a typical household is capable of buying either month (Feenstra, 2002, p. 7). Items covered by this principle include food, housing, heating, petrol and bus fares. According to Grant and Vidler (2000, p. 14), glaring Domestic Product deflator (GDP deflator) is a principle in economics used to measure average prices of completely new and final products produced topically in the economy of a given country. The GDP deflator is a decisive economic tool used by leading economists in an economy to determine by what expiration a change in the GDP of a given year relied on the price fluctuations of locally produced goods and services (Tracy 2007, p. 21). When regarded collectively, the principles of Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Retail Price Index (RPI) can help in unconditional infla tion in given products in an economy. For example, the two principles can help a government to determine and fix prices of certain basic goods like food and

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Personal Growth Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Personal Growth device - Essay ExampleSome people say God is not attainable through the organs of senses. Yet relation with God remains real. God reveals Himself through the people and the variety of events within lives of people. of all time a living Person is present, speaking, pleading, loving, working, and manifesting Himself whenever and wherever His people have the receptivity necessary to receive the reflexion (Tozer, 2008). God is a person, who also has intimate relationships. Developing direct relationships on deep personal take aim is a proper aim for the person, devoted to Him.Every day I start with the meditation. I actually go deep and enjoy requester and the sense of overwhelming gratitude that streams from my affectionateness. I really need to pray I agree with the words prayer is something we should do, even something we want to do, but it seems like a chasm stands amid us and actually praying. We experience the agony of prayerlessness (MacDonald, 2007). I meet other people with open heart and all the events I observe as those, sent by Him. I accept the daily challenges. eventide if the life seems tough, I recognize all that is sent by God to challenge and improve me, gum olibanum I meet even seemingly bad events with gratitude. I honor Him for all the blessings and challenges he addresses to me.devotional life seems to me not only to accept His presence in everything, but also remember this happiness is about relationships this means not only to accept and gratify for what he gives but to serve as well. Every day has its opportunities to reveal the inner potential, testify best virtues and creative force. Being a condition of own life and accepting responsibility for all own deeds and behaviors implies spirituality. This means understanding of own innovation, purpose of others and purpose of all the connections. All has its aim, its hidden and explicit meaning. There is a sense, a purpose of everything happening. All the simple thi ngs are touched by

Friday, April 26, 2019

How do US auto firms evaluate the comprehensive and long term Dissertation

How do US auto firms evaluate the all-round(prenominal) and long term viability of investing in Information Technology projects that len - Dissertation ExampleAptness of the influence of stopping point making is justified by the methodological fitness of the decision to the demand of the concerned situation, reliability of the evidence used for decision making, relevance of the decision to context, transparency in the findings and the extent up to which consensus reached at bottom the decision making exclusives. In this paper the mixed method of query has been compared with quantitative and qualitative methods of research. end of this comparison has been used to study the different models of decision making and the most preferred method of research has been described (Baba & HakemZadeh, 2012). The able model The neoclassical theory of microeconomics is based on the assumption that man is a rational economic agent and is an informed decision-maker. This make shows involves f our different steps, intelligence, design, choice and review. Intelligence of an individual or an organization helps them to find the appropriate occasions for decision making. Design of the decision making process allows them to invent new ways and analyze all the probable ways to choose the course of action. It helps in selecting some particular line of action from the available range of choices and review of the choice do helps in judging the outcomes of the decisions made in the past. In the classical model or the model of perfect rationality, mathematical values are used to determine the level of utility of each of the alternative options which are so used for the process of decision making or during choice phase. The alternative choice that provides the maximum amount of utility (subjective level of utility depending on the decision maker) is selected. In business organizations, implementation of the rational model of decision making entails the following assumptions invol ving the managers in the organization. These assumptions include knowledge of all likely alternatives, knowingness of the expected consequences of each of the alternatives, having a predetermined and organized preference set corresponding to all the consequences and finally, having immobile computational ability and deep insights to compare these consequences and determine which one of these is the most preferred (Turpin & Marais, 2004). The model of jump rationality The notion of bounded rationality explains that while individuals make decisions, rationality of their demeanor is limited by three important factors availability of access to information, cognitive precincts of human minds, and time constraint within which the decision has to be made. According to Simon (1979), the leaders in an organization always do not make alone informed choices. In many occasions they make choices on the basis of available information and the insights and prognostic capabilities of the decisi on maker. Therefore, the choice made by these leaders is not always the optimal choice. Rational behavior by human beings is mainly influenced by two factors the situation in which the decision has to be made and the computational capabilities of the actor (Turpin & Marais, 2004, 147). Study of rationality of human behavior has become easier since the study can be made within these

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Performance Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Performance Management Paper - Essay ExampleCoaching can be rattling effective in eliminating organiseplace conflicts, cementing relationships and having team ups focus on their core work hence achieve the ensnare objectives.To effectively coach my team, I will focus a lot on developing social skills and improving interactions instead of developing undivideds. This is because the way individuals act and communicate with each other are important factors that drive effective performance in the team. One guiding principle in my team cooking therefore has to be team work, learning to work with colleagues and understanding to relate with others. To begin off, I mustiness understand team dynamics it is obvious that all of us have our own ways of on the job(p) and communicating hence one can really be frustrated if not understood by colleagues. The objective is to have team members come together, discuss their personal profiles and assist them devise means to work together. Once m anagers understand this then they definitely do the same even with the junior most employees. some other guiding point in team training is establishing behaviour forecasts understanding the perspectives of others can greatly mitigate performance and relationships. But there must be some ground rules guiding the team members as they work to accomplish set goals. Having a very clear behaviour code and communication expectation is thus very important. Another key point of training is evaluating rewards and recognitions systems. It is very common for values held by different individuals to compete and hinder effective performance in teams. As the manager, it will be my social function to determine any sources of competition in values and devise ways to fix the same. Supporting individual performance is another essential point in team coaching as some members whitethorn require to be supported in learning new skills so as to meet team expectations. Readiness for

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

What is political legitimacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is political legitimacy - endeavor ExampleJohn Lockes view of political legitimacy emphasizes the necessity of respect for human rights and take away of authority based on consent for effective public administration.Plato was philosopher and a mathematician during the Classical Greece. He was to a fault an influential figure in the philosophy of the West. Plato, in The Republic, declared that an ideal society ought to be knead by a council of philosopher-kings (Plato & Cornford 22). Plato recommended that philosophers needed to do a thorough learning of the world prior to qualification their way into leadership at the age of fifty. According to Plato, the best form of political legitimacy constitutes the clean re localizeing of the whole society. Plato, thus, implied that moral societies are dedicated to returning to the best ways of doing things in order to be the best version through which the society can be idealistic and achieve meliorate governance.Locke proposes that after the raisement of a social contract, the first act of the government is creating different branches of the government. Lock suggested that the optimum number of government branches should be three as this could ensure maximum peace and guard (Rawls & freewoman 53). When people are assured of their protection, there are high chances of increased productivity because there is no fear of security threats. Peace in a country is the primary determinant of security and protection therefore, the government should strive to use its machinery to ensure prevalence of peace and tranquility in the states.The Republic by Plato is actually an investigation at the harmonic justice that should be afforded to human beings and the balance required to establish the moral health of the soul. Plato believed that search for political legitimacy is not streamlined since it constitutes a journey in spite of appearance using the models of ideal state,

CSR in particular industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CSR in particular effort - Essay ExampleHowever, in the early days, many researchers were convinced that CSR strategies and activities were homogeneous crosswise different industries. However, forward-looking research has revealed that CSR is a heterogeneous field. Such heterogeneity means that some industries have to exhibit more(prenominal) effort in developing effective CSR. Therefore, CSR activities vary across industries. Moreover, assessment of effective CSR strategies also varies across the industries. This paper will discuss the reasons why CSR activities, exhibit much(prenominal) variance across industries.Research has set that CSR strategies depend on several factors for each organization. These factors include the characteristics of the organization, the national framework of CSR, the nature of business activities, the kin of labour involved, the risk of harming the environment, and finally the society where the business is located. Different industries exhibit varie d characteristics. They depend on different stakeholder groups, have varied proximity to the consumers, and usually have differential emf in cause social or environmental adverse effects. This only means that industries that are likely to pose potential environmental damages or negative social effects have to define more CSR strategies. Moreover, industries exhibiting a close proximity to consumers have to be more focused on SCR that ensure consumer safety (Mullerat & Brennan 2011, p. 113). Moreover, such industries have to be more critical of their supply chains. On the other hand, some industries do non have the compulsion to define numerous CSR activities depending on the nature of their business activities.In order to beautify the points described above, examples of different industries and the level of CSR activities expected of them will be presented in this section. Financial institutions do non pose great risks to the environment, but are required to promote sustainabil ity and protect the environment

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Compare two finacial statmetns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

analyse two finacial statmetns - Essay ExampleThe BP financial statements reflect the FIFO methodology, which is first-in, first out when considering recognition of inventories. The first-in represent is represented by the salute of inventory at the start of the fiscal family and then a transfer to the cost of goods exchange represent the oldest costs incurred, based on the volume of inventories sold, leaving the more or less recent costs of inventoried merchandise that was purchased or produced in-house.BP did not have to choose the FIFO method, they could have selected from a weighted average option, which calculates the average cost of the items in the beginning inventory plus purchases made throughout the year (McManus et al, 155). Under this option, the average is calculated in order to derive a cost of goods sold figure and the value associated with ending inventory at the end of the fiscal year.BP could have also chosen the LIFO method, which is last in, first out. The calculations show more recent merchandise costs as cost of goods sold after the items have been sold with the on hand inventory at the end of the year costed to the oldest costs associated with the inventories.Stakeholder-orienting reporting standards atomic number 18 issued by the SEC, the Securities and Exchange Commission. The purpose of filing these financial reports to the SEC are to provide investors a full and fair disclosure of the securities being issued and the issuers occupation activities and financial lieu (Marshal, McManus & Viele, 385). The basic premise of SEC guidelines ensures that the information being presented in the financial reports is congruent to the actual business activities of the organization and is an accurate representation of real-life financial status for the company. This organization acts as a monitoring post to ensure that companies are not inflating earnings or

Monday, April 22, 2019

Creative Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Creative Writing - Essay ExampleThe japery depended a great deal on the baron of the audience to get the joke as laugh from the audience was always a sign during stage executions that the play was cosmos well received. This element of out-of-door interaction was incorporated into the sit-com, but with the added benefit of being able to record the show first and wherefore air it later. Thus, unexpected reactions from the audience could be cut out, errors in performance could be tried again and prompts for audience reaction werent as obvious. By combining these two approaches, the sit-com still principal(prenominal)tains the illusion of being a live event in spite of the great degree of editing and production involved. This ability to edit and change has also introduced more meaning into the shows produced. Just as the comedies of stage and radio were reflections of their society, so have the sit-coms of the past several decades reflected the society that produce them but with the greater realization of preservation of performance and significance to audiences. In many ways, the sit-com of today has not changed a great deal in its geomorphological format even as its reflection of society has altered and the level of meaning presented has deepened with greater pinch of the principles at work. Before one can look at individual sit-coms to see if they hold up to a common definition, it is helpful to have a definition and idea of development in place. in general sit-coms, or situation comedies, are defined as a form of comedy that presents episodes of recurring characters as they interact within a common environment, facing some sort of complication and resolving it at the end with some form of able ending. The sit-com has developed from a long history of stage performances think to entertain the masses by featuring stories they were able to relate with while also poking gentle sportsman at the lifestyles of the wealthy. According to Lewisohn, precurso rs of the sitcom have existed since the times of ancient Greece in the plays of Aristophanes, ancient Rome through Terence and Plautus and Sudraka in ancient India (2003). Generally speaking, sitcoms have several elements in common with one some other that have been carried forward from these earlier plays, into the modern world through the early sitcoms such as I Love Lucy and preserved through to the present day with shows such as Married with Children and Friends. The first such element is the focus on comedy or entertainment. Every sitcom relies heavily on the base building blocks of comedy including some, if not all, of the following slapstick, satire, sarcasm, irony, pranks, sight gags, parody, comedy of errors, black comedy, romantic comedy, scatological card or comedy of manners among other things. In keeping with this focus, sitcoms always end with a happy ending, or at least a resolution that returns everything back to the normal situation for this group of deal whic h has the effect of being humorous to the audience. Sitcoms generally focus on a limited number of main characters who reappear week after week within the same general environment generally its a family or a family-like group as they appear in their most accustomed sustainment space. Although facing different issues each week, even the basic action from week to week is highly repetitive.

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Composers of the 20th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Composers of the 20th Century - Essay guinea pigThe first and most important way by which Stravinsky did this is by introducing the changing face of his style of composition, enchantment retaining essential and distinctive identity. Stravinsky also introduced the use of motivic development. This involved the use of repeatable musical figures in varied guises either in a section of the composition, or in its entirety. Herein, notes are added or subtracted to a motif, without any(prenominal) regard to consequent changes that may take place in metre (20).It is against the backdrop of Stravinskys contributions that the whim and practice of pushing rhythms across the bar lines began to gain more notoriety. Consequently, because of Stravinskys input, the chantlike structure in music gained a more fluid and spontaneous streak, especially in his work on The ceremony of Spring. The same also made Stravinskys compositions take on a more offbeat, primitive and rhythmic drive and thereby making his work more unique. The veracity behind this is underscored by the fact that it is through and through this effort that Stravinsky is known in the history of music as the only composer who upgraded music to its artistic status.In equal length, Arnold Schoenberg also broke ranks with musical traditions of the past by the many inventions and contributions he made. Particularly, Schoenberg invented the dodecaphonic compositional method acting which is also known as the twelve-tone compositional method. In so doing, Schoenberg set the path for his students such as Anton Webern, Alban Berg and Hans Eisler who followed the dodecaphonic method of composition and made it famous.Byron points out that Schoenberg showed a departure from the musical traditions of the past by abandoning key centers in his musical composition, and thereby helping perpetuate the concept of free atonality which was comparatively new by then (7).Also, Schoenbergs work and procedures at it were organized in a three-fold manner, simultaneously. Schoenbergs

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Discussant assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussant - Assignment ExampleIn order to increase its revenue and take in more customers, the cruise broth has to prolong longer continuance of their cruises. The cruises should have options of one to three months in order to cub competitors who are also in the game. The argument prices of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings are too high, hence limiting shareholders (Baldwin 8). The shares should be affordable in order to attract more customers. The company should also improve its services in order to attract better investors and to make them buy the stock without considering share prices (Baldwin 20).According to customer review carried out on the cruise ships, the Carnival Corporation PLC had the most reviews. However, these reviews indicated that they are not the best when it comes to customer satisfaction (Baldwin 12). canvas the cruises Royal, Carnival and Norwegian, the customer review was 78%, 73% and 70% respectively (Baldwin 12). This shows that Carnival does not offer th e best customer service in the cruise ship industry. The customers reviews of NCLH are the poorest compared to their rivals. This means the cruise line should offer better customer service and be more polite in order to respect the loyal customers and attract new customers (Baldwin 4).The cabin crew members should be polite and can listen to the customers. Also, meals offered on cruises should be improved to enable customers notice it immediately. Entertainment on board is important and should be a variety for the people to choose (Baldwin 10). Employee satisfaction could improve their services to the customers a great deal. At any times, employees deserve to be treated with respect and paid their dues well to enable them deliver the organizational goals (Griffin 300). A happy employee means a happy customer and a happy customer equals loyalty and so the growth of the company. Moreover, NCLH

Friday, April 19, 2019

Crisis Within an Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Crisis Within an Organization - interrogation Paper ExampleThe facts of the crisis sh each(prenominal) first be set forth and laid out, including the facts which gave rise to the crisis and the facts relating to individuals in the disposal and their response to the crisis. It shall discuss the extent to which the organization had a code of conduct or set of principles, tale of values, or policies in place in order to respond to the crisis. Finally, this paper shall assess whether the individual decision-makers in spite of appearance the organization acted in a morally responsible manner.In 2000, Toyota launched its Construction of Cost Competitiveness for the twenty-first Century program which was meant to cut the costs of 180 key car parts by 30 percent, with the aim of saving about $10 billion by the year 2005 (Kim & Bailey expression). In February of 2004, the content Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) initiated a review of complaints on electronic throttle apply malfunction on the Lexus ES300 the investigation was resolved without a finding of defect in the vehicle (Kim & Bailey Article). At about the same time, Private Insurer State Farm informed the NHTSA of some incidents on unintended acceleration in 2002 and 2003 Lexus ES300 and the Toyota Camrys (Kim & Bailey Article). By the end of the year, similar complaints added up to 20% of all unintended acceleration incidents in 2004. Another investigation by the NHTSA was conducted on August 2005 on the 2002-2005 models of the Camry, Solara, and Lexus ES300 and lull no defect findings were found by the NHTSA (Kim & Bailey, Article). When global recalls on Toyota cars increased in 2006, Toyota star Katsuaki Watanabe issued an apology, citing quality glitches on some of its cars. Consequently, Toyota models were delayed for about a year (Kim & Bailey, Article).In inch of 2007, another investigation by the NHTSA was initiated, this time on pedal entrapment concerns on the

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Systems and Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Systems and Operations watchfulness - Assignment ExampleFor example, adoption of new technologies may non be strategic to an organization since other similar operations can adopt and imitate similar technologies. Human resources are, however, unique since their replication is not easy. As a consequence, effective management and utilization of these resources is pivotal in the attainment of the set objectives and goals. The importee of managing these resources effectively in any operation cannot be overstated. Role of Human Resource Management in operation As mentioned previously, management of human beings resources is significant for success of any organization. There are many benefits that organizations accrue from effective management of human resources. Rutherford & OFallon (2011) asserts that creating and maintenance of agonistic edge requires effective management of human resources. They further argue that other resources, for instance technology, are imitable and do n ot count as sources of competitive advantage to an organization. The importance of human resource management is discussed in detail in the subsequent paragraphs. HRM aligns skills of round with the organizations objectives and utilizes such skills in the attainment of the desired goals. HRM examines the right profile of the staff, the abilities, expertise, qualification, capabilities potential and divvy up responsibilities in line with the requirements of an operation. HRM, therefore, ensures that the right skills are utilized, in the required sectors, to achieve the desired goals of an organization (Lussier 2012). This human resource function can be termed as staffing as it channels the right staff suck up towards specific tasks. HRM in like manner facilitates the acquisition, upbringing and retention of talented employees. HRM establish future needs of an operation and draw strategies for acquisition of an able manpower. The rate of staff turnover has to be minimized in all operations. This is important to alleviate the problems that arise with increasing staff turnover. HRM identifies employee needs and work upon them so that they feel important. This move helps keep down staff turnover to a great extent. HRM undertakes training and development of the organizations workforce. It avails the right tools and training programmes so as to improve the competency levels of operational staff. Prior to training, needs analysis has to be through and through with(p) to recognize the gaps that exist in an operation. Training ensures that an organization maintains its competitive edge and increases productivity (Loosemore et al 2003). It also helps reduce obsolesce among the staff of an operation. HRM helps create conducive work environment for employees of an organization. It helps to manage grievances that arise among employees or in the work place. It is important for an operation which seeks to be productive to have contended employees. Such a workforce ten ds to be more productive since HRM attends to their problems. This is also important to an operation as problems get attended to sooner they escalate to uncontrollable heights. The other benefits that both staff and the organization gain from HRM include Motivation of employees, through adequate compensation, which in

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

History and Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

History and Political Science - try on ExampleThey believed that the subjects under any rule were supposed to be controlled. These subjects were allowed little freedom in toll of actions or expressions1. The phalanx leaders and capitalists believed that if people were given freedom of action and expression, they would exploit the chances in the stake of their self-interests. This would compromise the screw of guinea pig security and would result in disloyalty to the leaders. The military rulers were convinced that a elaboration could fall into an abyss of political disorganization, which they mainly blamed on democracy. According to these rulers, an uncontrolled universe whitethorn turn chaotic, and this testament result in general disorganization of the political system of a society. armed forces rulers believed that the chaotic state of affairs may take a considerably long time to stabilize. This will lead to a great setback in the development of a nation. In addition to the issue of sovereignty, these military rulers were the leading advocates of capitalism. They wanted to accumulate wealth for their own personal interests2. They realized that the national boundaries could not allow them to respond to the increasing system of production, which was a result of capitalism. They acknowledged that the resources available in their nations were short(p) to contain the expansion of productions in tandem with capitalism. This made the rulers to concentrate on breaking down the national boundaries through acts of aggression like wars. Therefore, these leaders believed in administering the varying levels of coercion and aggression in controlling the subordinates actions, and in wealth accumulation through capitalism3. On the other hand, the educated citizens and activists were incorporeal to this style of governance apply by military rulers like the fascists. According to their ideology, the rule of law should be given a chance in any human population. T he scholars advocated for the adoption of the constitution. These scholars acknowledged that for a more than civilized state, there must be the participation of the people in the governance of a state. For a more secure and stable society, the leaders should be in the fore front in protect the law. The population should be allowed participation through the election of representatives in the committees of administration. These representatives will push towards promotion of the populations happiness and in fighting for the safeguard of his/her peoples rights4. The main ideology held by the advocates of constitutionalism and parliamentary representation is that the population must have a stake in formulating the guidelines to be used in governing them. For example, in a constitutional governing system, the consent of the representatives must be obtained. This allows human-centred formulation of the rules to be adopted in the constitution. On the contrary, the legislative power practic ed by the military rules gives no room for the publics participation in matters of legislations. The whole power remained in the detention of the sovereign rulers and was not bestowed to the people. This was contrary to the ideology of those opposing rule of the whip, which allows little or no participation of their subjects in matters of governance. What pushed the development of the constitutionalism ideology was the need to implement a revolutionary socialism. The enlightened members of the population

Race and Minorities in the Jury Box Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Race and Minorities in the Jury Box - Assignment ExampleThe selection is just about difficult when it is a high-profile object lesson and everyone has heard of the defendant. Introduction In 2006, it was estimated through the United States Bureau of arbitrator statistics, that over 1.1 million adults were convicted of felonies and, of this amount, 38% were B overleap. Most of these cases were handled in state courts and, those who had been arrested and remained in jail, had their cases handled more quickly than others did. in the main this was due to the fact that most could not hire a lawyer or post liberate (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013). There are several offsetes in how cases move forward to a trial, but once it does, and the case requires a jury, then there will be a session where members of the public are pass on to appear for potential selection to act as a jurywoman in the case. This paper concerns the process of jury selection and how it can be biased by race and minority radical, or lack of it (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013). When it comes to jury selection, there has been considerable discourse about the falsifyup of jurors and whether jurors should be the same race as the defendant, or not the same race as the defendant, or a mixture (AP, 2008). 1.When determining commensurate jurors for a trial, it is never made publicly clear why lawyers might choose one juror over another. However, some policymakers and legal scholars have now proposed reforms to ensure that there is sufficient variety of racial minorities on any given jury. While the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was created to eliminate racial discrimination in jury selection, yet it still does exist, and it happens more often in Southern states (EJI, 2010). Some counties have excluded just about 80% of qualified Blacks in selecting juries in counties that have a majority population of Blacks, citing obscure reasons such as being single, married, too old, too young, for having attended black colleg es, or not having attended college, having an out-of-wedlock child, and hitherto for how they walk (EJI, 2010). It can also be a case of religious views or tendencies to not deprivation to send someone to jail (AP, 2008). How this detailed information was obtained is unclear unless it was through interviews or surveys with lawyers. In justifying reforms for the composition of a jury, the primary factor that should hold sway is that any prospective juror must base an understanding of the legal process, and a willingness to not be biased. 2. The jury composition should be made of on the whole races, not just all White or all Black, or all Hispanic (EJI, 2010). Lawyers should make a reasonable attempt at including all races and minorities, when possible.

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

The Chosen One Essay Example for Free

The elect sensation EssayChoosing the right university is one of the most important aspects that an incoming college student should consider overly the choice of course to pursue. Many institutions emerged in Cavite because it is one of the most industrialized provinces in the country. Some of well-known universities established here argon De La Salle University in Dasmarias, Cavite State University Main-Campus in Indang (other campuses are turn up most the whole province), Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Maragondon, Far Eastern University in Silang, Lyceum of the Philippines University in General Trias, and some more. There are heaps of eligible institutions to choose from but why did we choose Lyceum of the Philippines University?One of the reasons why we choose LPU is because of its good reputation earned through the years. An institution without good management exit never make its way in this industry nor will it survive. The Lyceum of the Philippines U niversity system has five interact campuses located at Intramuros, Manila Batangas City, Batangas Calamba City, Laguna City of Makati and General Trias, Cavite. Even though Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite-Campus vindicatory opened its doors to the public at year 2008, the numbers of enrollees boost because of its accessibility for us Caviteos. The institution is located at the c recruit of Cavite, targeting students from different parts of the province from Bacoor to Tagaytay.Lyceum of the Philippines University offers undergraduate and graduate programs in dissimilar fields of study, including law, liberal arts, diplomacy, international trade and journalism, as well as engineering, business and accountancy, mass communication, tourism and hotel and restaurant management. Another reason why we chose LPU is because it offers in demand courses that produce competent professionals globally.The university was called as The outset and Only Resort Campus in the Philippines due to its modern and elegant design. Aside from its unique structure, it also has sub facilities that would be really helpful for students practical learning. All rooms are air conditioned and its sizesare just enough to accommodate an average number of students. The university has different laboratories for outside class discussions such as Computer Laboratory, Mac Laboratory, Bayleaf Mini Hotel, Moot Court, Drawing Room, Dance Studios, Gymnasium and that which enhance students talents and abilities. The university has two buildings named later Sotero H. Laurel and Jose P. Laurel that was connected by a new building forming the laurel leaf structure, rather this year. The Academic Resource Center or the University Library was relocated and just opened its doors to students last spend of this semester. The employees in this institution are really approachable and friendly. The security and maintenance personnel are unendingly around the vicinity and it really shows that they are really dedicated to their work. The professors are professionals in their chosen field. They are highly competent to produce another generation of professionals from this university.To sum up this, there are lots of aspects to take in to consideration in choosing the right educational institution. The university that you will choose will be a great influence in enhancing your knowledge and abilities but most importantly, your character the moment you enter college until you face the real world. We chose Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite Campus as our alma mater because we believe that this educational institution will range us into what we want to be. Viva Larga Pirata

Monday, April 15, 2019

Behavioral Influences Essay Example for Free

Behavioral Influences Essay foretaste theory is re youngd to the motivation of the employees which is dependent upon the employees behavior and incentives agreen by the management. If the management is able to spark off its employees they spend put in more private road while nameing, which means efficiency higher returns for the caller. The tercet components of the expectancy theory ar expectancy, valence and instrumentality (Vroom, 1964). All of these three variables atomic number 18 required if an employee necessarily to be striked positively. The expectancy component is the belief that increase in efforts will accounts for better surgical operation and vice versa. This means that a well-nighbody is promptd if there is a positive kind amongst efforts and accomplishment preparen that he has proper training, resources and direction to perform the job. Expectancy is also affected by the confidence the employee has round on his capabilities. Valence component i n the expectancy theory refers to the value heap place on the expected fall out come out or rewards of their efforts. If a somebody is motivated mainly by money, he might non value free insurance given by the company.Valence is the fervency of the desire of a worker for extrinsic and intrinsic rewards such as promotion, fringe well worlds, indemnityes, everywheretime and pleasure (Droar, 2003). Instrumentality, the third component of expectancy theory is the confidence on the higher authorities that if the murder is well, the in demand(p) or promised reward will be received (Vroom, 1964). Instrumentality will be affected by the trust in people who make decisions of the outcomes and marking of biasness of the process of getting an outcome. hence the theory tells us that the relationship between the effort and performance is positive, which means that increase in effort will nurture performance (Vroom, 1964). According to the theory the relationship between performance a nd rewards is also positive, which implies that better performance will result in more rewards. In the given scenario, Supervisor As employees are facing difficulty in coping up with the new production process. The main reason for this is that the employees are non being compensated for their work. Those who achieve their goals are non given enough compensation therefore they halt unmotivated.When employees are not motivated, they do not put in enough effort to achieve their goals and and so their performance is not fine. The employees who have mastered the production process are not worried active accomplishing their goals because they hold out that even with added effort if they attain their goals, the compensation they will get is not worth the effort. new(prenominal) employees, who have not mastered it, are not putting in enough effort because they call in they are not capable of doing so. thitherfore there is a dire need for motivation of the employees who are under S upervisor A.The supervisory program should find out what resources, training or management of employees is needed to motivate the employees this is the expectancy component of the expectancy theory. The supervisor should also find out what do the employees value, their bonuses and salaries should be increase according to their performance this is the valence part of the expectancy theory. Supervisor also has to make sure that the apprehension of the employees about their supervisors promises is correct, they should be compensated as promised this is the instrumentality component.In the scenario, the employees salaries are not being increased as promised by the supervisor their bonuses after(prenominal) withholding tax are in truth small. Thus if the supervisor is able to fill the gaps in all of these three components, he will be able to motivate the employees to increase effort and hence performance and the goals will be achieved. Task 2 The leadership style of Leader B is transa ctional, Leader C is transformational and Executive has a Level 5 leadership style.Transactional leadership managementes on setting specific goals for each team member and encourage them to happen upon the hold upon goals (Bryant, 2003). In the scenario it is given that Leader B establishes clear goals by clarifying role and labor requirements and continually guiding subordinates in the direction of these goals, and therefore it is a characteristic of transactional leadership. In transactional leadership, the team members are awarded when they are able to achieve their goals on time and punished when agreed upon goals are not achieved or are not achieved on time (Iain, 2007).In the scenario given, Leader B considers the team member to be individual(prenominal)ly at fault if the delegated task is not established and issues punishments for failures. Transactional leadership recognizes accomplishments of individual subordinates and they are rewarded for achieving the objectives a greed upon (Iain, 2007). In the scenario given, Leader B believes in a clear chain of commands and in rewarding inbuilt performance and recognizing employee accomplishments. Leader B also rewards subordinates for their successes.Leader Bs transactional leadership style has been reassert now by including the examples from the given text. Transformational leadership depends more on personal relationship with subordinates and is supported by trust rather than committing to contracts (Jung Avolio, 1999). In the scenario it is given that Leader C tried to remember his team members birthdays and makes an effort to work with them as their coach instead of their manager. Transformational leadership also tries to satisfy its fol offseters self-interest and encourages the followers to replace these interests with the interests of the team.In the scenario, Leader C encourages the group to surpass their own self-interest for the betterment of the validation. This graphic symbol of leader ship also focuses on organisational change through stress on new set and different vision of the future which transcends the status quo (Gellis, 2001). Leader C in the scenario also believes that the group quarter have great success when they are passionate and enthusiastic about a vision. Transformational leaders motivate its followers to achieve their goals through nurturing their individual skills and capabilities (Barbuto, 2005).Leader C in the scenario sets high hopes for subordinates, instills individualism of employees for the benefit of organization and takes a rational bother-solving approach. The Level 5 leadership is described as being hesitant and unruly, shy and fearless and modest with a stern commitment to high standards (Jon Jenkins and Gerrit Visser, 2001). This type of leadership takes essay organizations from being fine to great and produces other fine leaders within the organizations for future.The Level 5 leadership takes responsibility for the failures and accredits other leaders for accomplishments (Jon Jenkins and Gerrit Visser, 2001). This leadership also establishes unique ideas, long-term vision and set for the organization. In the scenario, Executive A is clearly a level 5 leader as he shies a dash from attention and accredits others for achievements. He accepts responsibility for failures and poor results and feels delighted to produce strong leadership within the organization.Therefore it is apparent that Executive A is a Level 5 leader as he similarlyk the fight organization into hands and reshaped the stock prices and company profits into eye-catching ones and he also shares his long-term vision, ideas and values with other leaders of the company. When the Executive A retires and if Leader B is appointed as the CEO, then approximately of the employees in the organization will start working for their own interest as they will be held responsible for their failures and accomplishments and will be compensated accordingly.S upervision of the employees will become an integral part of managers procedure as they may use organizations resources for their personal interests. Transactional leadership is successful in static organizations because it helps to improve control over employees and reinforces constructive administrative actions through rewards and punishments. Therefore Leader B may find his style appropriate in the organization. Transformational leadership maintains employees performance through loyalty to organization, trust in the leader and changes in values and standards of the organization.Leader C has this style of leadership, and if appointed the CEO, the employees will surely have higher motivation and self-confidence they will get chances and supervision to improve their skills and capabilities. Through self-realization of employees and personal relationships with them, Leader C will be able to make them feel an integral part of the organization and increase their performance beyond e xpectations. Task 3 Individuals often take one of the bases of power in an organization in which they are employed.There are five bases of power which act as a source of organization they will be discussed one by one. The first one is Position in Hierarchy (Woldring, 2001), that is the rank of the individual in an organization. The higher the individuals place in the organizational rank structure, the greater the power he will have. In the given scenario, Employee 1 is using define in hierarchy as the source of his power. He has worked in the marketing department for 12 age and he frequently comes to the office on weekends or stays late to make sure glint running of tasks.The second base of power is Referent Power (Woldring, 2001) this is the personal relation of an individual with others who are higher in the organizational hierarchy. It simply exists if the individual target actually reference the authenticity of relationship so that it tail end act as a basis of power. Empl oyee 2 has this power as he negotiated with his manager to work four days a week and is the only if person who is allowed to have a shorter work week. Third type of power is Reward Power (Raven, 1959) individuals who have a greater degree of control over resources of organization, have greater power.Individuals even lower in the organizational hierarchy can buoy have greater controller over resources of the organization (Woldring, 2001). This power is based on the ability to give valuable reward to others who perform well (Raven, 1959). In the scenario given, Employee 1 has this power as he is overbearing the resources of his department to get the large bonus at the year end, and he will spend this bonus on his vacations. The fourth base of power is Demonst roamd Expertise (Woldring, 2001) an individual who has an exceptional capability or special knowledge that no other has in the organization.Only having expertise is not sufficient, others should know about the importance of th is persons expertise and its value. Employee 2 has this power as he is the only company employee who can launch financial statements. The fifth and final source of power is Personality Power or Coercive Power (Woldring, 2001) the perceived personality of the individual is the power here. If the person has strong interpersonal skills, trance and attractive personality, then he will be able to influence others to conform to his ideas or demands (Raven, 1959).This is the object lesson with Employee 3, who has been in the organization for just a year, but because of his personality power, he was able to change entire departments beliefs. Relationship between Bases of Power and Dependency The Bases of Power use the concept of Dependency. An employee can only use its base of power on another employee if the other one is dependent on him. As Emerson (1962, p. 32) argues that power resides implicitly in the others dependency and that the power of A over B is equal to, and based upon, the dependence of B upon A.Therefore if a person B is dependent of another person A, only then the power of A exists. The level of power of person A depends upon the degree of dependence of person B on person A and the alternatives available to person B. If there is no dependence then power over another person does not exists. The history manager in the given scenario is the person who is dependent upon Employee 2 because of the Expertise power of Employee 2. Employee 2 is the only person in the organization who can prepare the financial statements and so the manager is dependent upon him to prepare it.Employee 1 is dependent upon marketing manager for the award he wants, that is why he stays late in the office to make sure of the completion and accuracy of the work and he often come to office on weekends. Employee 3 was selected as the leader of the team working on new run across all others related to the project are dependent upon him because of his Coercive power. Task 4 The first problem with the companys current military rating form is that the rating scales in the form mostly focus on relationships with other employees and on the personality it is more of a personality test rather than performance and skills military rank.Instead of evaluating the neatness of the workplace, relationships with peers, pose with others and friendliness, the questions should be more specific to the performance and quality of work. Performance factors such as knowledge, skills, abilities, quality and timeliness of work, efforts of the employee, works habits, supervisory factors, cooperation, adaptability and effectiveness of communication should be evaluated. The second engross in the evaluation form is that the rating scales are not specific and measurable.The scale being utilise is to rate an attribute is not numeral or scalar, high, low-medium, medium are being used to score against the attribute. A better approach of scoring will be to use a scale with numeric scale, the highest described as Superior and lowest as Unsatisfactory. Another option of Not relevant should also be present with all attributes. The use of measurable scale will ease the work for evaluator and he will be able to rate the employees attributes more accurately. The third awe in the evaluation form is that the performance factors are not specific.When the manager had to give rating on the engineers bearings, he had to take in to account the engineers attitudes towards his job and tasks that he is assigned to do and also his attitudes towards co-workers and manager. The factors should be more specific so that the evaluator can give the ratings to specific attribute and every attribute is taken into account. In the scenario, the manager gave engineer a low rating in the attitude factor although his attitude towards work was very serious and he completed his tasks in a very well manner. He got a low rating because of his poor attitude towards the peers and manager.The 360-deg ree approach to employee evaluation involves supervisor, peers, and subordinates into the evaluation of an individual. This approach has its own pros and cons. some(prenominal) an(prenominal) people participate in evaluating a person so it gives complete view of the performance of the person. The performance view is captured from the supervisor, peers and the subordinates, they respond as they hit the persons performance. It reduces the bias of the supervisor or the manager towards an employee. It the supervisor does not likes the attitude of manner of the employee, and then he might rate the employee with a lower score.If the employees attitude with the supervisor is not favorable but the peers and subordinates like the attitude of the employee, then this can be captured in the evaluation process. Many people participate in the evaluation process, so the score becomes more reliable and more accurate. The supervisor may not have a personal relation with the employee and may not know him too well to rate his personality and attitude towards work. It is also possible that the employee have had some kind of adventure with the supervisor in the past and since then the attitude towards the employee had become unfavorable.Then the supervisor would taken for granted(predicate)ly rate him low in the performance factors. Most of the times in an organization, peers and co-workers know the employee better than the supervisor so when the peers will evaluate the employee, they will be able to give the ratings more accurately and their ratings will be more reliable than any others. The attitude of a person towards his sub-ordinates is also very important, this attitude can be recorded when sub-ordinates will take part in the evaluation process of the employee.And then after the evaluation, the employee can leverage his strengths according to others perception of his performance and personality. So, 360-degree approach to performance evaluation helps in evaluating the employee from many views and in recording reliable and more accurate information then the traditional forms of evaluations and is not only helpful to the management to make important decisions but also is useful to the person being evaluated . There are some disadvantages too of including the supervisor, peers and subordinates in the evaluation process.One of the main disadvantages is that all the peers and subordinates may not like the personality of the employee being evaluated and may rate him very low based on his attitude and personality. The main purpose of evaluating an employee is to evaluate the performance and skills and attitude towards the work and tasks assigned to him. The co-workers and subordinates may have issues with employee being evaluated because of personality clash, and although his work is up to the mark and performance is well, but still the peers, supervisor and subordinates might give him low score on performance.There are a handful of employee performance evaluation methods three of them are top-down, peer-to-peer and 360-degree. Top-down is the most commonly used in the organizations today. It involves the direct manager of the employee in the evaluation process and is only useful if the manager knows his employee well enough. Peer-to-peer entails the employees of the same levels to review each other. Nobody knows the capabilities and performance of an employee better than his peer or co-worker. While it can be effective method, it can also be very unsuccessful at times.If there is jealousy among the co-workers or if there is competition then it is obvious that they will not rate each others in a reliable manner. When there are quadruplicate managers or multiple peers of an employee then these methods prove successful. The third method is 360-degree evaluation which takes into account the reviews of peers, subordinates and the managers or supervisors. In some organizations even suppliers and customers are involved in the evaluatio n process. While the advantage of multiple points of views is clear, it poses some threats also.Sometimes the subordinates may not give the true feedback of their managers because of the fear that manager will get to know about it. The following are the errors and biases that commonly affect the accuracy of performance evaluation. The first one is that the employees may favor the evaluation questions of their manager as they will fear that the manager will find out and so their review will not be true. The second is that the peers might not be turn enough or experienced enough to evaluate each other and they may form a cartel and rate each other well.The third example is that the manager does not the performance of his employee whom he is to evaluate because of no interaction with him, and he might just do the evaluation providing inaccurate information. In the given scenario, the evaluation form should be made more reliable and bias free and should be more oriented towards the per formance of the employee rather than the friendliness and the attitude towards the co-workers. The scale used should be numeric with the highest being the best and lowest being the most poor.Customers, subordinates, and co-workers should also be included in the evaluation process to make it fairer. References Online Journal Iain, Ph. D. Hay. (2007 ). Transactional and Transformational leadings Compared. Leadership of Stability and leadership of vola tility, Volume 4, Issue 4. Retrieved 04 16, 2009, from Academic Leadership database. Website Organization/Website/Author name. (Year, Month Day). Title. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from www. url. com Value Based solicitude. net/Victor Vroom. (2009, 03 23). Motivation and Management Vrooms Expectancy Theory.Retrieved 04 14, 2009, from http//www. valuebasedmanagement. net/methods_vroom_expectancy_theory. html Arrod. co. uk/Dave Droar. (2006, 12 31). Expectancy theory of motivation. Retrieved 04 14, 2009, from http//www. arrod. co. uk/arch ive/concept_vroom. php Imaginal grooming/Jon Jenkins and Gerrit Visser. (2001). Level 5 Leadership. Retrieved 04 14, 2009, from http//www. imaginal. nl/articleLevel5Leadership. htm Workplace Competence International Limited/Roelf Woldring. (2001). Power in Organizations A way of Thinking About What Youve Got, and How to Use It. Retrieved 04 16, 2009, from http//www. wciltd. com/pdfquark/powerorgv2. pdf

Sunday, April 14, 2019

How Cases Should Be Decided Essay Example for Free

How Cases Should Be Decided EssayFrom the discussions and court observations, it is my considered view that decisions of cases filed in court should be best determined by the performance of juridicly defined principles and legislative enactments and should not merely depend on ad hoc decisions made by juries. The concept of jury mental testing is as old as humanity. It is basically a proceeding in which decisions and findings of facts of a given case be determined by a jury. Juries, upon the other hand argon selected to represent the cross-sections of the community (Hale Star V, McCormick, 2000, p. 20-21).Thus, juries are often regarded as peers of the accused because they belong to the same community where the accused to a fault lives. Jury trial are designed to provide a means of interjecting community norms and values to the judicial proceedings by providing opportunities for the members of the community to validate and test the applicability of the communities statute. H owever, in forthwiths generation, taking into consideration the major(ip) changes in our society and including its emerging complexities, I posit that the jury system failed to catch up to the judicial needs of cases filed before the courts of justice.It is my considered view that decisions arrived by juries are no lengthy that applicable in todays generation because I believe that the justice system should be composed of flock who hold deep knowledge and experience in the field of law. By using the jury system we are in fact placing the burden of judgment on the mind of an average and untrained citizen. Often times, mortals selected as jurors have no legal expertise. In my visit to courts, I observed that the jurors are average citizens and I doubt if they really have an in depth knowledge in law and jurisprudence.Thus, having no qualified legal knowledge, they can get easily swayed and persuaded by clever lawyers who trained themselves to confuse and mislead the jurors throu gh and through their colorful languages and speeches. Another reason why I aver that decisions should no longer be fit(p) to the hands of a jury is that, jurors have the tendency to be swayed by prejudice through application of racial considerations, gender orientations and biases.In the court trial I saw, I observed that the jurors are not at all diverse in race, sex or age. Thus, the fate of an accused or the person in court is left to the hands of a layman that is often guided by his experience personal biases and beliefs regarding his own creed, religion, sex, age and race. Lastly, I believe that the jury system is no longer possible in todays courts because of the realities that are present in the system, which is the picking of the jury is no longer as objective as it were before.Thus, more often we end up with jurors, just like the juries I have seen in my visit to courts, to be bored, without interest and just sitting there. Worthy taking get down that the integrity of j udiciary rests not only upon the fact that it is able to administer justice but also upon the perception and boldness of the community that the people who run the system have done justice. At times, the exact application of law may in fact, do justice but it may not needs create confidence among the people that justice indeed is served.Hence, in order to create such confidence, the people who run the judiciary, particularly the person or the people who will hear and decide the case, must not only be proficient in both the substantive and procedural aspects of the law but just about importantly, they must possess the highest integrity, probity and unquestionable moral uprightness, both in their public and private lives. therefore and only then, can the people, including the writer, be reassured that the wheels of justice in our country run with fairness and equity, thus, creating confidence in the judicial system.ReferenceHale Star V, McCormick, 2000, Jury Selection, p. 20-21.

Saturday, April 13, 2019

Lego Branding Community Essay Example for Free

Lego Branding Community EssayOnline communities ar becoming places of belonging, information, and emotional support that raft cannot do with step forward. These neighborly groups make up a real existence for their participants, and thus have consequential set up on many aspects of behaviour. This article examines bodied set creation and empowerment in an online differentiate club. It presents the master(prenominal) features of an online fall guy community, the process of look on co-creation, and motivators for participating in online snitch communities. These key f wreakors jointly characterize corporal value creation and empowerment. This netnographic study focuses on an online blot name community called BrickBuilders, which is a meeting place for LEGO builders in Finland. BrickBuilders members feel a sense of belonging, they share equal motivations, and they effect value together. IntroductionA brand community can be formed by any group of people who share a common interest in a specific brand and who create a parallel social universe rife with its own myths, values, rituals, vocabulary, and hierarchy (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001 Cova and Pace, 2006). Brand communities vex more than a place. They become a common understanding of a shared identity, which can be found in twain face-to-face interactions and in cyberspace (Muniz and OGuinn, 2001).Analysts no longer question whether the concept of community should have a place in the field of honor of marketing (Cova and Pace, 2006). However, the concepts of brand community and online brand community are relatively new and have yet to find their place in the academic world.Traditionally, companies produced products relatively independently. Today, consumers and different stakeholders can create value more corporately. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community.Main Features of Online Brand CommunitiesMuniz and OGuinn (2001) used three constructs to direct the distinguishing features of brand communities. First, a sense of belonging is a connection that members feel toward one another and the collective sense of difference from others outside of the community.The second feature is the presence of shared rituals and traditions that surround the brand. Rituals and traditions perpetuate the communitys shared history, culture, and consciousness. Traditions include certain behavioural norms and values.The third feature is a sense of object lesson responsibility, which is a felt sense of duty or obligation to the community. The sense of moral responsibility is what produces collective action.Heinonen and Halonen (2007) have identified motivators for online brand community activities. Members want to belong to something, build and strengthen their identities, get feedback from others, and create something new.The Process of Collective Value CreationSchau and colleagues (2009) have identified t he process of value co-creation in online brand communities. The process consists of four thematic practices, which are social networking, impression management, community engagement, and brand use.Social networking is a practice that focuses on creating, enhancing, and sustaining ties among brand community members. These include welcoming, empathizing, and governing. These practices operate primarily in the intangible domain of the emotions and reinforce the social or moral bonds within the community.Impression management includes evangelizing and justifying. Online brand community members act as altruistic emissaries and ambassadors of good will. Members devote time and effort to the brand, share the news of the brand, and inspire others to infix in the community.Community-engagement practices are those that reinforce members escalating engagement with the brand community. These include staking, milestoning, badging, and documenting. Staking, milestoning, and badging mean that co mmunity members bring out brand experiences and proclaim openly that they are fans of a particular brand. Documenting occurs when brand community members construct a narrative of their brand experiences.Brand-use practices are specifically related to improved or enhanced use of the central brand. These include grooming, customizing, and commoditizing. Grooming bureau that members share, for example, homemade tools and advice. Customizing means modifying existing ideas and discovering new ideas, which result in customized products. Commoditizing means that members rant or chastise some products, but at the same time, they have new ideas on how those products could be developed.Synthesis of the Theoretical FrameworkThe main features of online brand communities, value co-creation, and motivators for participating in online brand communities (Heinonen and Halonen, 2007 Kozinets, 2010 Muniz and OGuinn, 2001 Schau et al., 2009) are the key factors that jointly realized in various combi nations characterize collective value creation and empowerment in an online brand community. The collective value creation and empowerment in the online brand community may occur when its members have a sense of belonging, they create value together, and they have similar motives.The collective value creation and empowerment of the online brand community allows mutual interaction between the online brand community and the company as well as other stakeholders. Companies have an opportunity to communicate with consumers and enchant their opinions (Kozinets, 2010) and vice-versa. We have moved away from one-way transactions to a relationship-based interaction model that emphasizes consumers and other stakeholders roles in networks and communities.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

Crooks and Curleys wife experience loneliness and isolation Essay Example for Free

Crooks and Curleys married woman experience loneliness and isolation EssayIn this essay I narrow down to write about why Crooks and Curleys wife experience loneliness and isolation and in what way they leaven to push-down list with these stickyies. Crooks is a nergro stable buck with a crooked spine. His eye atomic number 18 described as the most noniceable feature on his face, brimming with knowledge of the in muchoverice in life. His eyes model deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity. He is also slim with a lean face, en-lined with wrinkles. His lips atomic number 18 also described vividly as very thin and pain-tightened. He covers up his intense eyes with large gold rimmed spectacles. Curleys wife is, of course a complete contrast, and is extremely pretty, thought sometimes try too hard. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spade eyes, heavily make up. She has do her nails carefully which doesnt seem very fitted for life on a ran ch. Her voice is another thing that is commented on, as stimulate a nasal, brickle quality.Crooks personality is somewhat of a mystery. His real personality is hidden by the racism of the time. He is bruise and shocked by rafts depressions towards him and so he feels the only way to range off through life is to coerce back the same disgust to the other mean on the ranch.This heres my room. Nobody got any right in here by meI aint wanted in the black market-house, and you aint wanted in my room.Crooks doesnt see that solely in all his is in reality doing is stopping to their level thought, he just continues to treat others in the way he has been treated, and if he has a choice he just stays away from them. His personality would score developed differently if he had been born white, because his true colours are stunted by the racism against him. He teases Lennie, and takes pleasure in it, as though at last he is being able to do to someone else what has been make to him for his whole life, Crooks face lights with pleasure in his torture.The basic word to describe the personality of Curleys wife is a flirt, although as we get to know more and more about her we discover that this is not completely true. In this essay I will try to explain why she behaves resembling this, and whether in fact she behaves exchangeable this just for attention and is concealing something. The personality of these characters is by chance one of the keys to the book. However different these character are they are linked through their loneliness and the fact they conceal their true personality. The are both considered kinda low on the social scale simply deal with this in very different ways as I will explain.As I have said, Crooks is bitter about being do to live along above the stable. He expresses this bitterness, and tires to explain to Lennie how loneliness is so disturbed that it drives you mad swooning tell you a get jest ats too lonesome and he gets sick.d ont make no difference who the guy is, longs hes with you.It must(prenominal) be a relief for Crooks to be able to share some of his problems with someone, and he must find it especially east with Lennie who probably will not understand, and will forget what he hears quickly. He is the only one who understands Lennie, besides George, and befriends him. He looks past Lennies mental handicap and Lennie looks past Crooks physical handicap.Curleys wife also finds it easy to talk to Curley. She is so overwhelmed by her loneliness, she seeks friendship from other men. She seeks out the friendship of Lennie for all of the others fear Curley and will have nothing to do with her. Think I dont like to talk to person ever once in a while? It is when she talks to Lennie that we discover a great deal about her past. She tells Lennie that she still intakes of what might have been, seeing herself as a potential film-star. However, in my opinion she has no acting talent, men (one from a travelli ng show, one who claimed to be in the movies) make her offers as a chat-up line. Her naivet shows in her belief that her mother has stolen a letter (from her contact in Hollywood) which was obviously never written her immaturity appears in her instant reaction of marrying the loathsome Curley. It was a hasty marriage to Curley is just a failed attempt to escape from her own spiral of loneliness.When she chose to marry Curley it was all because of the wrong reasons and only to get away from her mother, one person who genuinely cared for her, Well I wasnt going to stay no space where I couldnt get nowhere. Now she find herself very line and she has no-one to talk to, I don like Curley. Desperate for companionship she does not find at home, she tries to find solace with the other men. They are unsatisfied about this, as they calculate her to be seriously promiscuous, and are fearful of Curleys reaction. Her inappropriate dress on the ranch and her manner brand her as a tart. She c an not escape from this image and so she uses it so that she is noticed and can talk to people. Although in my opinion instead of being the mature and flirtatious female that the men see, she is in fact like a little girl yearning for her home.She rase talks to people who she considers to be out of her league, but in a way this makes her a more tragic character, because unlike the others, even Lennie, she seems not to understand her limitations or she refuses to admit them. She treats those below her in an unnecessarily disdainful way. There is one point in the book when Curleys wife goes into Crooks room. Crook, as I have said, pretends that he esteemes no one to come into his room seeing as he isnt allowed in the bunk house.However, when Lennie and accordingly Candy come in we can tell that he was in reality very pleased, It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger. Candy and Crooks reacts to Curleys wife primarily disgusted. On their faces they scowl at he r and appear to wish that she wasnt there. However as Curleys wife points out it is doubtful whether they really feel this, for they would not doubt have acted very different if they were alone, If I catch one man alone, I get along fair with him. But just le two guys get together and you just wont talkyoure all frightened of each other.Curleys wife is very rude to Crooks and says, Im standing here talking to a nigger. I think her reaction is like this because she feels very powerful to be talking to someone as sad and lonely as herself, but who is looked down upon by others. She likes to use this rare power and so when Crooks finally cracks and stands up to her she does everything with her capable possibility to make him feel small and unnecessary. Listen, Nigger, she said. You know what I can do to you if you unbuttoned your trap? This immediately makes Crooks turn into a no one. Every trace of a personality disappears, and he just answers in a monotonous voice.After she leav e Candy says, That bitch didnt ought to of said that to you. And Crooks replies by saying , It wasnt nothing, you guys coming in an setting made me forget. Crooks obviously was so happy by having the attach to of some men that he forgets his place (in those times) and stood up to her. He then bring in what he had done and remembered how he should have behaved. For that one small part of the story we saw the real Crooks, the one who is not concerned with racism, because for that very small amount of time he believe himself to be normal.Curleys wife though doesnt have a very suprising reaction to Candy (the old-swamper) and Crooks. I believe that she is angry because she just realised how messy her life is. She tries to stay calm and talk to them as thought they are beneath her, but all the time she realises that she is just as sad and lonely as them. She sees that they are the only people she can have a proper conversation with are, as she describes them a nigger, an a dum-dum and a marked-up ol sheep. At one point in the conversation she says, Whatt ya think I am, a kid? and then she continues to talk about how she was nearly in the pictures. Of course, she is just a kid, who doesnt understand herself.He also wants to be part of George and Lennies dream. He said thathe would work for free. He gives up on the farm dream when he realizes itisnt going to work out. Talk about this. Also say that crooks was nasty to lennie then nice.I would describe Curleys wife as a sympathetic figure. There is a very strong comment towards the end of the book, just as she has been killed by Lennie, And the meanness and the planning and the discontented and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was saccharine and infantile.Curleys wife has had a very unfortunate life. She made some wrong decisions and has been punished for them, by dying unhappy at such as young age. To all the other people on the ranch she is onl y important because she is the wife of Curley, and that explains why she is give no other name. They are scared of getting involved with her because of what Curley might do to them. No-one is ever actually interesting in her. I feel sorry for her that someone who has the potential to be so sweet and calm has lives such as sad life and has died before anyone knows her true colours.Crook, like Curleys wife has had a sad life for the later part of his life at least. Nothing will ever get better for him, because of his colour. The war Steinbeck talks about him is very controversial nowadays and would not be accepted. At the time that this book was written this language would have been more in use and so perhaps it would have been more acceptable, meaning that Steinbeck was not ware of its full impact. The fact that he portrays crooks as a unhappy and meaningful character must indicate that the author believes racism to be unfair, or else he would have been portrayed as evil, someone de serving what he got. Many upon reading this book whitethorn believe that the key issue is George and Lennie, but in fact this novel raises many questions about discrepancy and loneliness.

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

The Islamic Wills Essay Example for Free

The Islamic Wills EssayThis article is a very brief overview of the traditional Sunni Islamic natural law pertaining to the Islamic go forth. The receive of this article is to arouse aw arness amongst Muslims particularly those living in the West regarding this important aspect of Islamic law. It should be stressed that when writing a leave cardinal should consult an Islamic scholar/ loadual expert to ensure that the allow complies with Islamic law as well as the law of the untaught of residence. When a Muslim dies there atomic number 18 four duties which contend to be performed. These are1. hire of funeral expenses2.payment of his/her debts3.execution his/her will4.distri furtherion of the stay estate amongst the successors according to Sharia The Islamic will is cal conduct al-wasiyya. a will is a transaction which comes into performance after the testators destruction. The will is penalize after payment of funeral expenses and both outstanding debts. The one who makes a will (wasiyya) is called a testator (al-musi). the one on whose behalf a will is made is broadly referred to as a legatee (al-musa lahu). Technically speaking the term testatee is perhaps a more than accurate interlingual rendition of al-musa lahu.The importance of the Islamic willThe importance of the Islamic will (wasiyya) is clear from the following two hadith It is the duty of a Muslim who has anything to donation not to let two nights pass without writing a will about it. (Sahih al-Bukhari) A man may do good deeds for seventy old age but if he acts unjustly when he leaves his last testament, the wickedness of his deed will be blind drunk upon him, and he will enter the Fire. If, (on the other hand), a man acts wickedly for seventy years but is just in his last will and testament, the goodness of his deed will be sealed upon him, and he will enter the Garden. (Ahmad and Ibn Majah) the will gives the testator an opportunity to help someone (e.g. a relative need such as an orphaned grandchild or a Christian widow) who is not entitled to inherit from him. The will lav be used to clarify the nature of joint accounts, those living in commensality, appointment of guardian for ones children and so on. In countries where the intestate succession law is different from Islamic law it becomes absolutely necessary to write a will.The Will (Al-wasiyya)The Islamic will includes both bequests and legacies, instructions and admonishments, and assignments of rights. no specific wording is necessary for making a will. In Islamic law the will (wasiyya) can be oral or written, and the intention of the testator essential be clear that the wasiyya is to be executed after his death. any expression which signifies the intention of the testator is sufficient for the target of constituting a bequest. there should be two witnesses to the declaration of the wasiyya.A written wasiyya where there are no witnesses to an oral declaration is sensible if it written i n the known handwriting/signature of the testator according to Maliki and Hanbali fiqh. the wasiyya is executed after payment of debts and funeral expenses. the majority view is that debts to Allah (SWT) such as zakh, obligatory expiation etc. should be paid whether mentioned in the will or not. However, there is difference of opinion on this matter amongst the Muslim jurists.The Testator (Al-musi) either adult Muslim with reasoning ability has the wakeless capacity to make a will. An adult for this purpose is someone who has reached puberty. Evidence of puberty is menstruation in girls and night pollution (wet dreams) in boys. In the absence of evidence, puberty is presumed at the completion of the age of fifteen years. The Maliki and Hanbali fiqh also consider the will of a perspicacious (tamyiz) child as valid. Under side of meat Law you must(prenominal) be at least 18 years of age to make a valid will (similarly in most of the United States of America) unless you are a mil itary personnel in which baptistery you may make a valid will at the age of 17. the testator must have the legal capacity to dispose of whatever he bequests in his will.When making a will the testator must be of sane mind, he must not be under any compulsion and he must understand the nature and effect of his testamentary act. The testator must of course own whatever he bequests. the testator has the right to lift his will by a subsequent will, actually or by implication. In traditional Sunni Islamic law the power of the testator is limited in two ways 1.firstly, he cannot bequest more than 1/3 of his net estate unless the other heirs consent to the bequest or there are no legal heirs at all or the only legal heir is the spouse who gets his/her legal share and the residue can be bequeathed.Narrated Sad ibn Abi Waqqas (RA) I was stricken by an ailment that led me to the verge of death. The visionary came to pay me a visit. I said, O Allahs Apostle I have much seat and no heir exc ept my single daughter. Shall I give two-thirds of my property in charity? He said, No. I said, Half of it? He said, No. I said, One-third of it? He said, You may do so, though one-third is also too much, for it is better for you to leave your offspring wealthy than to leave them poor, enquire others for help (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahah Muslim, Muwatta, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah.)1.secondly, the testator cannot make a bequest in favour of a legal heir under traditional Sunni Muslim law. However, some Islamic countries do allow a bequest in favour of a legal heir providing the bequest does not exceed the bequeathable one-third. Legal heir in this context is one who is a legal heir at the sequence of death of the testator. Narrated Abu Hurayrah (RA) Allahs Prophet (SAWS) said, Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no bequest must be made to an heir. (Abu Dawud). alike(p) hadith narrated by Abu Umamah (RA) and reported by Ibn Majah, Ahmad and others.The Legatee (Al-musa lahu) generally speaking, for a bequest to be valid, a legatee must be in existence at the era of death of the testator except in the case of a general and continuing legatee such as the poor, orphans etc. the legatee must be capable of owning the bequest. any bequest made in favour of any legal heir already entitled to a share is invalid under traditional Sunni Muslim law unless consented to by other legal heirs. an acknowledgment of debt in favour of a legal heir is valid. acceptance or rejection of a bequest by the legatee is only relevant after the death of the testator and not out front. generally speaking once a legatee has accepted or rejected a bequest he cannot change his mind subsequently.if the legatee dies without accepting or rejecting the bequest, the bequest becomes part of the legatees estate according to the Hanafi fiqh because non-rejection is regarded as acceptance. According to the other three of import Sunni madhahib, the right to accept or reject the bequest passes onto the heirs of the legatee. there is difference of opinion as to the time at which ownership of a bequest is transferred from the testator (or his heirs) to the legatee.According to the Hanafi and Shafii fiqh the transfer of ownership is at the time of death of the testator, according to the Maliki and Hanbali fiqh the transfer of ownership is at the time of accepting the bequest. all the Sunni madhahib agree that if the legatee dies before the testator, the bequest is invalid since a bequest can only be accepted after the death of the testator. if there is uncertainty as to whether or not the legatee survived the testator, such as a missing legatee, the bequest is invalid because the legatee must be alive at the time of death of the testator for the will to be valid. if the testator and legatee die together, such as in an air crash, and it is not certain who died first, the bequest is invalid according to the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii fiqh. B ut according to the Hanbali fiqh, the bequest devolves upon the legatees heirs who may accept or reject it.Executor of the will (Al-wasi Al- mukhtar) the executor (al-wasi) of the will is the manager of the estate appointed by the testator. the executor has to carry out the wishes of the testator according to Islamic law, to watch the interests of the children and of the estate. The authority of the executor should be specified. Hanafi and Maliki fiqh state that the executor should be trustworthy and truthful the Shafii fiqh state that the executor must be just. the Hanafi fiqh considers the appointment of a non-Muslim executor to be valid. the testator may appoint more than one executor, male or female. the testator should state if each executor can act independently of the other executor(s). if one starts acting as an executor, one will be regarded as having accepted the appointment, both in Islamic and in English law. Dr. Abid Hussain

Monday, April 8, 2019

Psychology For Social Care Practice Essay Example for Free

Psychology For societal Care Practice EssayThis essay go forth demonstrate my understanding of developments which number at distributively stage of an individuals smell cycle. I allow for relate these developments to two relevant psychological theories and discuss how an individuals unavoidably must be met to enable them to develop. The human sustenance cycle endure be broken mound into 5 prefatory stages (Bingham et al. 2009)Infancy 0-2 yearsChildhood 2-12 yearsAdolescence 12-21 yearsAdulthood 21-65 years sr. Adulthood 65+ yearsDuring each stage of the vivificationtime cycle, different physical, emotional, cognitive, social and cultural developments occur In infancy, physical changes include learning to sit up, crawl and walk independently. At this stage, the infant get out begin to look for attention from other(a)s and seek affection and love. Infants are able to interact with others by make a face/laughing and crying, and begin to form attachments to mai n vex givers such as family members from around 6 months. handsome(a) motor skills and communication skills (understanding and formation of words) develop rapidly in infancy and individuals will be total use to the routines and norms of those around them. In childhood, physical development extends to skills in balance and control over the frame. Emotionally, the child will continue to strengthen bonds with primary maintenance givers and social development will continue on to interactional play and forming friendships. Language and chation develop further and the child shows a capacity to learn mod information and skills as well as learning nearly and conforming to social and cultural norms.The body begins to change significantly in adolescence the individual will go through puberty. An adolescent will be more egotism aware than in childhood and will become detached from primary care givers, instead preferring to form meanr relationships with friends and peers. The indi vidual will form stronger affiliations to certain cultural and sub-cultural norms and will express these through someoneal appearance, partaking in activities and choosing certain peer groups. In early adulthood, the individual will kitchen stove a peak of physical fitness which they will thereafter start to run away at to maintain. more than physical demands are made on the body such as childbearing, work and aging. Emotionally, a personin adulthood will pick out formal a role possibly in their manoeuver of work, or at home as a parent- how momentively they fill their role can effect self esteem. Social development can become limited to those with similar careers or interests and can be hindered by other responsibilities such as work and family commitments. Older adults may experience a slide down in physical fitness eyesight may deteriorate and the body may become weaker. close to individuals may remain fairly fit well into older adulthood and some may convey that phy sical fitness can deteriorate rapidly. Older adulthood can be isolating and ones self image can be altered through changing of roles eg. retirement. Socially, some find a reek of freedom in creation able to leave work behind and live, others lose a star of purpose and find that their world may become smaller and more family focused. Older adults will have a well established perception of themselves and what they find submitable as part of their culture. For this essay I have used Mrs. Oswald as a case study. Mrs. Oswald is a resident at Thorneycroft residential care home for older batch. She has been a resident at Thorneycroft for six months and at ninety-five years old, is in the final stage of development as tiny in the life cycle breakdown above. Mrs. Oswald is relatively able bodied, she is able to bathe herself but requires help getting in and out of the bath.She is able to move around independently, she does have a tripod to help her with this but she doesnt tend to use it. She is given to falling over and has fallen fifteen times since moving to Thorneycroft, this is non helped by her insomnia which leaves her restless at night so she ends up wandering around unattended. Mrs. Oswald is hard of hearing and requires a hearing aid but her eyesight is good when wearing her glasses. She has a good level of personal hygiene and takes pride in her appearance. in front coming to Thorneycroft she had home help who assisted her with household tasks such as cooking and housework and helped her with practice of medicine for her cellulitis. Mrs. Oswald was a midwife for fifty years, she is well educated and enjoys sharing her knowledge and talking more or less her career. She keeps her genius active by reading the newspaper, doing crossword puzzles and playing dominoes when she goes to the day centre but it is accomplishable that these activities are not stimulating enough for her. She is a little confused at times about her roles she behaves as though Thorneycroft staff are her employees and adopts a matron-like attitude with them, which probablycrosses over from her role in her career as a midwife.She can be forgetful but does not have dementedness and before moving to Thorneycroft was quite vulnerable as she sees the best in people and was being victimized by people doing odd jobs and coming in and out of her home. Mrs. Oswald appears to be content on the surface, she has started to accept death and talks about it openly. Her remaining family all live some distance away in England but she looks forward to a phonecall from her cousin each evening and seems to take comfort in linguistic communication to him, appearing more settled after their conversations. She has outlived her close family maintain and daughters and appears lonely. Mrs. Oswald doesnt talk much about her save an daughters the way she does about her career, it is possible that talking about them makes her feel sad. As before, Mrs. Oswald has not made friend s with other residents of Thorneycroft, though she has made a few friends at the daycentre. She likes to talk and could be encouraged to mix more which would help with her feelings of loneliness, she never had friends or visitors at home before she came to Thorneycroft as her family all live remote away and only visit to attend review meetings every six months.She has not formed close relationships with staff at Thorneycroft, instead, as mentioned before she treats them as her employees. Mrs. Oswald is an articulate and well spoken individual who has come from a middle class minimise. She appears to be well educated and has had a successful career as a midwife spanning fifty years. She had her daughters when she was modern and out of wedlock, as a result they were brought up by her mother and Mrs. Oswald left at sixteen to begin her training as a midwife. Her career was main(prenominal) to her and she concentrated on this, not having whatever more children and marrying late in life.Her middle class fosterage has followed her through life, and she still takes pride in her appearance and has a strong sense of what she believes to be proper. Her husband and her enjoyed going on cruises and she is well- travelled. She does not attend church services or appear to be spectral at all. In order for them to progress successfully through each stage in the life cycle, an individuals necessitate at each stage must be met. For example, our most basic physical bespeaks are shelter and nourishment, if these needs are not met in the infant stage, potential for development and forward motion into childhood will be threatened. For each aspect of development, certain needs must be met visible The body must be kept fit and healthy through nourishment, shelter from the elements and the cold, excercise and rest. Emotional The need to be loved and to feel love for others. Good self esteem can be established from feeling loved and wanted by others. Social Being able to interact and build relationships with people around you. Cognitive The need for opportunities to learn and develop knowledge and keep the mind active. Cultural Having your values, religion, diet, language etc.(norms) as part of your daily life. In order for me to understand the needs of Mrs. Oswald and to what extent her needs have been met throughout her life, I examined Erik Eriksons theory of eight psychosocial stages. Erikson believed that humans develop through eight predetermined stages (a detailed table of these can be found in appendix 1) and in order to progress successfully through life, we must successfully negotiate each stage and that failure to do so results in mental deficiencies such as lack of trust, which will remain with us throughout life (Collin et al., p. 273). for each one stage has one positive outcome and one negative outcome, and individuals progress through each life stage with a mixture of both, the differences between positive and negative being a resu lt of the surround the individual is developing in. Mrs. Oswald, as an adolescent, would have experienced role confusion. She was from a middle class background but fell pregnant at a young age, resulting in her being hidden away and her mother raising her children as her own. It would have gone against Mrs. Oswalds role as a respectable young girl to have children at such a young age. She went off to train as a midwife at sixteen and left her family and her daughters behind. She concentrated on her career and appeared not to have any intimacy throughout young adulthood. This was resolved in mature adulthood when Mrs. Oswald got married and enjoyed the intimacy which she had helpless out on in young adulthood. She never had any more children but her husband nd her appeared to have a happy life and they enjoyed travelling together. Mrs. Oswald is now in maturity and has begun to talk about death in an accepting way.Her needs may not have been met in the early stages of her life wher e she did not conform to her role in society and her life lacked intimacy, but later in life she had a successful and satisfying career and a happy marriage. I have used Abraham Maslows power structure of Needs (see appendix 2) to assess howMrs. Oswalds needs are being met now. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs starts at the basic physiological needs we need just to stay alive. Once these are made we have a need for natural rubber, then we want love and affection. Within our group we want to have self esteem. finally we have a need of satisfying our full potential that Maslow calls Self Actualization (Deeper Mind). Maslow believed that ones needs had to be met at each stage of the hierarchy before the needs at the next stage could be attended to. The first category in Maslows hierarchy refers to physiological needs. I believe that most of Mrs. Oswalds needs are being met at this level.She has plenty to eat and drink and since she is mobile she has some level of excercise. She can have fr esh air and she has warmth and shelter. However, Mrs. Oswalds need for quietus is not being met at Thorneycroft. She suffers from insomnia which is not helped by the fact that her bed is too small and therefore uncomfortable for her to calm in. This has resulted in her being backward to settle in bed at night at all, so she is losing out on sleep. As a result of all her physiological needs not being met, all of Mrs. Oswalds safety needs are not being met either. Although she has shelter and security at Thorneycroft, the fact that she does not sleep has compromised her safety as she has a tendency to wander around at night time and is prone to falling as her mobility is not great.Mrs. Oswald appears sad that she has outlived her close family and her husband and doesnt speak about them much. She does have some distant family whom she speaks with on the phone every night which brings her some comfort, but she remains distant with others and reluctant to form close relationships with staff or fellow residents. Her need for love and belonging has not been satisfied. In order for Mrs. Oswald to progress and reach self actualisation the care staff at Thorneycroft must work on the needs which are not being met. Getting her a bed which is comfortable for her to sleep in may help her to settle at night and reduce the risk of a fall. She could be encouraged to mix more with fellow residents and form closer relationships with them as well as staff. This will help with Mrs. Oswalds sense of love and belonging and boost her self-esteem which will help her to reach self actualisation.ReferencesBBC (2014) BBC News Magazine. Online Available from http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23902918 Accessed 13/11/2014 BINGHAM, E. et al (2009) HNC Social Care for Scotland. 12th Ed. Essex Heinemann. COLLIN, C. et al (2012) The Psychology Book. London DK London. MACLEOD, S. (2011) Simply Psychology. Online Available form http//www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html Accessed 11/11/20 14. NORWOOD, G. (2014) Deeper Mind. Online Available from http//www.deepermind.com/20maslow.htm Accessed 11/11/2014