Passenger To Freighter Conversion Of Aircrafts Engineering Essay

Passenger To merchantman Conversion Of Aircrafts engine room EssayThe purpose of the address is to provide detailed description for hereafter aerospace engineers on how and why a P2F (also k directlyn as PTF or Passenger-to- underside) modulation is carried out.1.2. BackgroundEver since the refreshfully millennium started, P2F re sun deck up(prenominal)ings on aircrafts pass on become much(prenominal) common in the civil aviation industry. Major civil aviation industry companies (Airbus, Boeing, etc.) started researching with designs on how to modify an air conformation structure of their ageing rider jets to cargo fannys. In connection with the current economic situation, civil aviation logistic companies argon severe to find carriages to cut down expenses on replacing aged(a) cargo seat aircrafts- buying P2F born-again aircrafts. Further more, P2F conversions extend lifespan of passenger jets, providing first-hand quality P2F cargo aircrafts at second-hand carg o butt legal injurys. Since at that place is an growth in imply in the cargo freighter industry more companies will look at P2F conversions .Mainly because it is more economical for the company and they washbowl gain the same amount of revenue at the same time.1.3. methodological analysisThe discipline was gathered from a few websites through the internet, books and magazine references .The suffice was retrieved from websites like http//www.eads.com , books like, magazines like.1.4. ScopeThe Focused areas are mainly just about the geomorphologic differences between a freighter aircraft and a passenger aircraft. In addition, the cross will complicate structure of freighter planes. In addition, it will include the pros and cons of P2F and how the conversion is carried out. Lastly, this report includes the technical effects to the aircraft structure.2. P2F Conversion ProceduresThere are various types of P2F conversion procedures. The various procedures are basically spend a pennyd by prime manufacturers (Boeing and Airbus) and assorted conversion companies (EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company) and SIAEC (Singapore International Airlines Engineering Company)).As a result , there are many different procedures for a P2F conversion to be complete. The fol pocket-sizeding procedures will be according to the 4-month conversion of the Airbus A310 wide-bodied airliner into the Airbus A310-200F by Elbe Flugzeugwerke (EFW).In the following few paragraphs I will discuss about the different procedures carried out during a P2F conversion procedure. (SPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A310-200F ass Aircraft-Aerospace applied science online. unattached from http//www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/a310-200f/)2.1. Preparation before conversionThe airplanes paint deed is scraped off. Thereafter, a fraction of the passenger cabin is taken out. The aircraft is then jacked into a nonsubjective stress point for 4 weeks for the modification of the airf rame. With the plane partially empty it is jacked up into a neutral stress point for 4 weeks for the adjustment of the aeroplanes body. (SPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A310-200F Freighter Aircraft-Aerospace Technology online. on tap(predicate) from http//www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/a310-200f/)2.2. Plug windowsNow that the aircraft does not carry any more passengers, windows in the aircraft are useless(prenominal). The windows previously used for passengers to look out of the aircraft are now plugged (covered up). As u can see in the consider below, there are no more windows in a freighter aircraft because it come throughs time on maintenance and for safety reasons. Therefore the windows are plugged.(Marcel caravan Leeuwen, 2006, Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter Arrives in Seattle online. Civilian aviation news. forthcoming from http//www.aviationnews.eu/2006/09/17/boeing- 747-large-cargo-freighter-arrives-in-seattle/)Figure 2.6 Plugging of Windows (Airbus Freighter C onversion, 2010)2.3. Removal of unwanted materialAnything in the aircraft that is not needed anymore is re inspired from the aircraft. Passenger- related facilities and structure (like sit down and carpet flooring) is take out of the as it does not come in handy for a cargo freighter. This is to restore room for the origination of the new freighter equipment. With the removal of redundant material it creates space for the cargo. (SPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A310-200F Freighter Aircraft-Aerospace Technology online. unattached from http//www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/a310-200f/)2.4. Fitting of cargo doorThe front-end of the fuselage section is opened up in 2 stages for the installation of the cargo door. The upper frame stick is held at its position and is secured by riveting the frame to the fuselage. The over-the-hill depress frame shell section is substituted with a new lower frame shell that is lowered into the prepared cut-out location and incorporated strongly to the airframe. The frames forrard and aft of the cut-out are entirely replaced by reinforced frames. After the installation of the frames, electric comp mavinnts and hydraulic systems are added for the cargo door to operate with ease. (SPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A310-200F Freighter Aircraft-Aerospace Technology online. Available from http//www.aerospace- technology.com/projects/a310-200f/)Figure 2.1 Cargo door of Boeing 747-200BDSFhttp//www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/files/6/34576.wmv, 20022.5. institution of new flooringThe normal flooring on a passenger aircraft cannot be used. Hence, the flooring on a passenger plane has to be removed and reinforced with a higher strength floor to push heavy cargo loads. To move the cargo in the aircraft easily, ball mats and curl tracks are installed onto the cargo flooring. With the new flooring the aircraft can carry more load and be tough at the same time and move the cargo within the aircraft easily.(SPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A 310-200F Freighter Aircraft-Aerospace Technology online. Available fromhttp//www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/a310-200f/)Figure 2.2-cargo shipment system of airbushttp//www.eads.com/eads/int/en.html2.6. Final checks after conversionOnce the body of the aircraft has been converted and all thats left to do is to do a net check on the whole aircraft. Firstly, the aircraft avionics is adjusted before tests are carried out. Thereafter, the customer inspects the flight to make sure everything is in working condition. However, before the aircraft is turn over over to the customer the documentation for the conversion is finalised. With all these procedures done, the P2F conversion is complete. (SPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A310-200F Freighter Aircraft-Aerospace Technology online. Available from http//www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/a310-200f/)3. P2F conversions toll impact3.1 heir of ageing Freighters by P2Fs.Since the current condition for the economy is not at a very healthy condition, many aero- logistic companies would scout somewhat for second hand cargo freighters. However, second-hand freighters have now reduced in numbers so drastically that most of them will stop fly within a few years. Hence, P2F conversions will attend solve the line of ageing cargo freighters in the near future. In 2009, airbus presented their 20-year forecast of their future freighter fleet. In their statistics shown in Fig3.1, Airbus emphasised on P2F conversions as the way to go to solve the problem of freighter insufficiency Therefore, by 2028 more than half the freighters around the world will be P2F converted. This is because P2F conversion requires low cost, shorter time and less material than manufacturing a freighter from scratch, making it a cost effective solution. (J. Leahy, L. Rouaud, 2009. Global grocery store forecast 2009-2028 online, 164.Avaialable from http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appl i.htm?onglet=varlet=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=page= .)Figure3.1 graph of PTF in claim (Airbus 2009) http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=page=3.2. collect of P2F aircraftsP2F conversion will take the freighter industry to a whole different level. In addition, the wider range of freighter types from P2F conversion will create a new generation of diminutive jet freighters (e.g. Airbus A320 P2F).Besides that ,majority of Airbus freighter demand will be aided with P2F conversion as 96% of freighters in 2028 will be P2F aircrafts. This shows that the future of the P2F conversion industry will have a bright future. (J. Leahy, L. Rouaud,2009. Global market forecast 2009-2028 online, 164.Avaialable from http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=pag e=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=page=.)figure3.2 graph on small jet freighters (Airbus 2009) http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=page=4. Benefits and limitations of P2F conversionDespite its many advantages such as its ability to excuse money time, material and manpower needed. Alongside, it helps extend an aircrafts life and replaces ageing freighters in the market. However, its disadvantages include acceptable use of market price as rise as availability of aircraft. The next few paragraphs will explain and boom more on the benefits and limitations of P2F conversion.4.1 Benefits4.1.1 Saves costCompanies around the world who are face to purchase freighter cargo aircraft would most likely try to celebrate up on anything they can save on. One of the benefits of P2F conversions is that it helps companies sav e money. A P2F converted aircraft costs nearly one third of a freighter aircraft made from scratch. Since its just part of the aircraft that is reconstructed, it will help save cost on the amount of material used. When there is less work to be done, less manpower is needed. Hence they can save cost by employing fewer engineers to work. Therefore, P2F conversions help save money for companies. (According to Phillip Securities Research (2005), initiating coverage Singapore)4.1.2 Extends aircraft lifeA P2F conversion helps extend an aircrafts life span as well. When an aircraft is almost reaching its age of retirement it can either be scrapped or reborn again. In this case the aircraft is sent to companies that deal with conversions. The old structure is replaced with new structure in order for it to fly safely. Therefore, P2F conversions help extend the lifespan of an aircraft.(EADS media centre, Rising (like a capital of Arizona online, available from http//www.contentforce.de/iptv / doer/macros/_s_eads/_x_s- 35848193/mediacenter.html? altitude=500HYPERLINK http//www.contentforce.de/iptv/player/macros/_s_eads/_x_s- 35848193/mediacenter.html?height=500width=1024attrs=scrolling=noHYPERLINK http//www.contentforce.de/iptv/player/macros/_s_eads/_x_s- 35848193/mediacenter.html?height=500width=1024attrs=scrolling=nowidth=1024HYPERLINK http//www.contentforce.de/iptv/player/macros/_s_eads/_x_s- 35848193/mediacenter.html?height=500width=1024attrs=scrolling=noHYPERLINK http//www.contentforce.de/iptv/player/macros/_s_eads/_x_s- 35848193/mediacenter.html?height=500width=1024attrs=scrolling=noattrs=scrolling%3Dno) (SIA engineering company websiteprovides information on what P2F conversion is)4.2 Limitations4.2.1 Acceptable used market priceP2F conversions serve as a form of investment for airline companies. If the cost of the conversion is more than the proposed price to sell the aircraft, the owner selling the P2F converted aircraft will incur a loss. In addition, differen t models of aircraft go through different kinds of conversion processes. Hence, the streamer of quality and the workmanship to set prices for the P2F aircrafts vary widely, which might lead to underpriced P2F planes. (Hamilton, http//museair.googlepages.com/ThePassingofanUnrecognisedIndustryGi.pdf , 2007)4.2.2 Airframe availabilityIn order to perform a P2F conversion, there must be available airframes. The airframe needs to be from an airworthy passenger jet which is not in service anymore. If not, it would make no sense just to make an aircraft and convert it. Therefore, the number of used jets there are out there is limited to availability. (Hamilton, http//museair.googlepages.com/ThePassingofanUnrecognisedIndustryGi.pdf , 2007)5. ConclusionThe P2F conversion procedure may seem easy to digest. However, it is much more sophisticated compared to the other areas in the aeronautical market. Regardless, the freighter market is shinning their spotlight on P2F conversions to give old p assenger aircrafts a second chance to fly again as freighters. In addition, P2F aircrafts are able to perform almost as well as new freighters made from scratch. No matter how advanced P2F conversion gets, there are limits for the acceptable used market price. Otherwise, the conversion will result in heavy loss financially.6. RecommendationsP2F conversion is a very profitable market to invest in. Companies dealing with P2F can take one more clapperclaw by making use of more advanced technology when they are converting aircrafts. It can help save cost by using less material and maybe even with efficiency. Therefore P2F conversions can take one more step ahead by doing more research in this industry as there will be a rise in demand for freighter aircrafts in the future.III. ReferencesSPG Media Limited, 2010. Airbus A310-200F Freighter Aircraft-Aerospace Technology online. Available from http//www.aerospace-technology.com/projects/a310-200f/ Accessed 16 high-flown 2010Marcel van Lee uwen, 2006, Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter Arrives in Seattle online. Civilian aviation news. Available from http//www.aviationnews.eu/2006/09/17/boeing-747-large-cargo-freighter-arrives-in-seattle/, Accessed 16 august 2010J. Leahy, L. Rouaud,2009. Global market forecast 2009-2028 online, 164.Avaialable from http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=HYPERLINK http//www.airbus.com/en/gmf2009/appli.htm?onglet=page=page= .Accessed 16 august 2010like a phoenix online, available from http//www.contentforce.de/iptv/player/macros/_s_eads/_x_s-35848193/mediacenter.html .Accessed 16 august 2010SIA engineering company websiteprovides information on what P2F conversion is. Accessed 16 august 2010Hamilton,http//museair.googlepages.com/ThePassingofanUnrecognisedIndustryGi.pdf , 2007 Accessed 16 august 2010